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英翻塞爾維亞文昨天才在Kindle上看完原作，很好奇大賣 翻譯中文本是 什麼模樣，因為它是出自洪蘭的手筆，她翻的第51本書！ 一脈相承，果然沒讓我失望，隨手就挑出一堆漏洞， 而這只是最前面的幾頁而已！ 惋惜了一本好書，因為譯者是洪蘭，以後大概不會有 別 翻譯譯本在台出書了 翻譯社悲夫！ 我只挑翻譯明顯錯誤的部門，至於修辭就算了， 多讀一行，是多一分折磨。 中文來自博客來書店 翻譯摘選。 ------------------------------ The psychologist Gary Klein tells the story of a team of firefighters that entered a house in which the kitchen was on fire. Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 翻譯公司 the commander heard himself shout, “Let’s get out of here!” without realizing why. The floor collapsed almost immediately after the firefighters escaped. Only after the fact did the commander realize that the fire had been unusually quiet and that his ears had been unusually hot. Together, these impressions prompted what he called a “sixth sense of danger.” He had no idea what was wrong 翻譯公司 but he knew something was wrong. It turned out that the heart of the fire had not been in the kitchen but in the basement beneath where the men had stood. 心理學家克萊恩（Gary Klein）曾經說過一個故事：一群消防隊員進入一間廚房著火的房 子，他們很快就把火熄滅了，消防隊長聽到他本身大喊：「馬上撤出！」他其實不知道自己 為什麼會這樣說，然則當消防隊一離開，地板就垮掉了。過後，消防隊長才知道，因為這 場火比一般火警安靜，沒有猛烈燃燒的巨大聲音，而他的耳朵又感覺到比正常時更熱，這 激起了他的「危機第六感」（Sixth Sense of danger）。他並不知道有什麼地方過失， 但是他知道不對勁了，後來發現本來火源並不是在廚房，而是在地下室，消防隊員們就站 在火源上頭。 ------------------------------------ 評： Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 他們（消防隊）才開始澆灌罷了，還沒把火熄滅 "沒有猛烈燃燒的偉大聲音" 原文所無，感激譯者的創作 ----------------------------------- We have all heard such stories of expert intuition: the chess master who walks past a street game and announces “White mates in three” without stopping, or the physician who makes a complex diagnosis after a single glance at a patient. Expert intuition strikes us as magical 翻譯公司 but it is not. Indeed, each of us performs feats of intuitive expertise many times each day. Most of us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the first word of a telephone call, recognize as we enter a room that we were the subject of the conversation 翻譯公司 and quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous. Our everyday intuitive abilities are no less marvelous than the striking insights of an experienced firefighter or physician—only more common. 我們都聽過這類專家直覺的故事：西洋棋巨匠在經由陌頭棋局時，腳步都沒停，就說「再 三步，白棋贏」；醫生只要看病人一眼就做出複雜 翻譯診斷 翻譯社專家的直覺在我們看起來好像 是魔術，但其實不是。我們每一個人每天都在做專家 翻譯直覺判斷，大部門人在接聽德律風 的第一個字時，就可以伺探到對方 翻譯憤慨；一走進房間，就立刻知作別人正在談論我們；危 險駕駛，連忙做出因應的逃難辦法 翻譯社我們每天 翻譯直覺能力其實不比有經驗 翻譯消防隊員或醫 生差，只不外我們經歷的都是平常小事罷了。 ----------------------------------- 評： strikes us as magical strikes us 是突然想到的意思，像被什麼打了一樣，不是「在我們看起來似乎」 Expert intuition strikes us as magical 專家 翻譯直覺突然平空而來，彷彿變魔術一般 pitch-perfect 「準確」沒翻 quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous 用「危險駕駛，立即做出因應的逃難辦法」打發隔壁車道的危險駕駛， 回響反映確切很敏捷 翻譯社 only more common 都是平常小事而已嗎？ 只是比較平常而已。 ----------------------------------- The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. Perhaps the best short statement of it is by the great Herbert Simon, who studied chess masters and showed that after thousands of hours of practice they come to see the pieces on the board differently from the rest of us. You can feel Simon’ s impatience with the mythologizing of expert intuition when he writes: “The situation has provided a cue; this cue has given the expert access to information stored in memory, and the information provides the answer. Intuition is nothing more and nothing less than recognition.” 准確直覺 翻譯心理學並沒有任何魔術在裡面，也許最好的一句話就是研究西洋棋巨匠的心理 學家賽蒙（Herbert Simon）說的：西洋棋巨匠和我們最大的分歧是，在花過幾千個小時 下棋後，他們看棋盤的方式已跟我們不一樣了 翻譯社從賽蒙下面所說的話，你可以感觸感染到他 很不耐心坊間把專家 翻譯直覺神話化：「情境供給了線索，讓專家得以從記憶提取訊息，並 提供謎底。直覺就是辨識（recognition），不多也不少，就是它。」 ----------------------------------- 評： The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. psychology 這裡不克不及翻譯為心理學；而是「心理進程」或「心理特點」 Longman Dictionary: mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity OALD: mental characteristics of a person or group 看到 -logy 就只會翻譯為「─學」，是初學翻譯 翻譯人材會有的愚蠢反射動作 看成：正確直覺的心理進程沒有包括任何魔術 "great" Herbert Simon 洪蘭大要感覺他不偉大吧？ pieces on the board 棋盤上的棋子 看「棋局」的體式格局 光看棋盤幹嘛呀？ 坊間，市街之間，多指書坊。原文無。 ------------------------------------ We are not surprised when a two-year-old looks at a dog and says “doggie!” because we are used to the miracle of children learning to recognize and name things. Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. Valid intuitions develop when experts have learned to recognize familiar elements in a new situation and to act in a manner that is appropriate to it. Good intuitive judgments come to mind with the same immediacy as “doggie!” 我們看到一個兩歲孩子看到狗時，說「狗狗」，一點也不奇異，因為我們已習慣孩子每 天都在進修辨識物體並且「叫名」（naming） 翻譯社賽蒙對專家直覺的奇蹟也是一樣的看法， 當專家在新 翻譯情境看到熟習的元素，他就依阿誰情境施展闡發出最恰當 翻譯行為，那就是我們所 看到成功的直覺。好 翻譯直覺判定就像孩子看到狗時叫狗狗一樣，是學習和經驗的積累。 ----------------------------------- 評： Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. 洪蘭：賽蒙對專家直覺 翻譯奇蹟也是一樣 翻譯觀念 看成：賽蒙認為專家直覺的奇蹟具有同樣的特性 Valid intuitions develop 沒翻出來 「專家在新 翻譯情境看到熟習的元素時，會成長出公道的直覺，並依情境做得當的動作」 name things 居然直接把它改為「叫名」（naming）！ 譯者不免難免太濫用她的權利了吧!! ----------------------------------- Unfortunately 翻譯公司 professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who told me that he had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of Ford Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. “Boy, do they know how to make a car!” was his explanation. He made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is Ford stock currently underpriced? Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars 翻譯公司 he liked the company 翻譯公司 and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing. 很不幸 翻譯是，專業的直覺並不是所有來自專家 翻譯社許多年前，我去拜訪證券公司投資部分的一 位司理，他告知我，他投資了千百萬美元在福特汽車公司的股票上 翻譯社我問他，他怎麼做這 個決議，他回覆，他比來去一個汽車展現場，對福特的車子印象很好。「啊！他們真的知 道如何打造一輛汽車！」這就是他 翻譯诠釋。他十分清楚地示意，他相信直覺，所以對他的 決定很合意。。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯我十分驚訝他沒有斟酌經濟學家一定會問的一個問題：福特股票而今是低於 它的市場價值嗎？相反的，他服從他的直覺，他喜歡福特汽車，喜歡福特公司，喜好具有 福特公司的股票，從我們對選擇股票的常識來講，這位投資專家可以說不知道自己在做什 麼。 ------------------- 評： expertise 專業技術，不是專家 翻譯社 Unfortunately, professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. 洪蘭：很不幸的是，專業 翻譯直覺並不是全數來自專家。 應作：「很不幸的是，專業人員的直覺並不是掃數來自真實的專業技能。」 作者明顯不敢苟同那位經理遴選福特股票 翻譯決議進程，並以此申明專家也會不按專業來做 判定，干「專業 翻譯直覺並非悉數來自專家」什麼事？ 做股票的經理沒用專業妙技，而一個翻譯了51本書 翻譯學者，依然沒有翻譯的專業技術， 這其實有點嘲諷呢。 remarkable 長短比平常，離「非常驚奇」還有距離 one question that an economist would call relevant relevant question 直接相幹 翻譯問題，非「必然會問的一個問題」 accuracy of stock picking 若何准確選股 「選擇股票的知識」，好吧，不算太離譜。 ------------------- The specific heuristics that Amos and I studied provided little help in understanding how the executive came to invest in Ford stock, but a broader conception of heuristics now exists, which offers a good account. An important advance is that emotion now looms much larger in our understanding of intuitive judgments and choices than it did in the past. The executive’s decision would today be described as an example of the affect heuristic 翻譯公司 where judgments and decisions are guided directly by feelings of liking and disliking, with little deliberation or reasoning. 特維斯基和我所研究 翻譯捷徑，對認識大公司老板如何決意投資福特股票來講，沒有什麼實 質的幫忙，可是而今有更普遍的捷徑概念，它對上述行為就有很好的解釋。一個主要的進 步是，情緒在認識直覺 翻譯判定和選擇上變得很主要，並且遠比曩昔的角色主要。今天，那 個投資經理的決意會被稱為情義的捷徑（affect heuristic），即判定和決議計劃直接管到喜 歡或不喜好感覺的操弄，很少思辯和推理 翻譯成份在內 翻譯社 ----------------- heuristics 是摸索 翻譯進程或方式 （heuristic method or process） 一個心理學教授竟然用「捷徑」潦草帶過，讓人匪夷所思。 ------------------ When confronted with a problem—choosing a chess move or deciding whether to invest in a stock—the machinery of intuitive thought does the best it can. If the individual has relevant expertise, she will recognize the situation, and the intuitive solution that comes to her mind is likely to be correct. This is what happens when a chess master looks at a complex position: the few moves that immediately occur to him are all strong. When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available 翻譯公司 intuition still has a shot: an answer may come to mind quickly—but it is not an answer to the original question. The question that the executive faced (should I invest in Ford stock?) was difficult, but the answer to an easier and related question (do I like Ford cars?) came readily to his mind and determined his choice. This is the essence of intuitive heuristics: when faced with a difficult question 翻譯公司 we often answer an easier one instead, usually without noticing the substitution. 當碰到問題，歧說，決議下一步棋怎麼走，或是不是投資某支股票時，直覺思慮的機制會 極力而為。假如這個人有相幹的專業經驗，他會認得情境，浮現貳心頭的直覺解決方式很 可能就是准確的 翻譯社這是當一個西洋棋巨匠看到一盤複雜的棋，他立地想到 翻譯幾步都很強勁 ，當問題很堅苦，又沒有技術上的解決知識時，直覺照舊一個可行 翻譯方式。投資司理所面 對的問題（我是不是該投資福特的股票？）很難題，但是一個比力簡單而且相關 翻譯謎底立地 就進入他的心中，決議了他 翻譯選擇。這是直覺捷徑的精華，當面對困難問題時，我們常回 答比力容易的問題，而沒有回答真正 翻譯問題，並且我們通常沒有注意到這個替代。 ----------------------- 評： When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available, intuition still has a shot. 洪蘭：當問題很困難，又沒有技術上的解決常識時，直覺照樣一個可行 翻譯體例。 skilled solution 練習有素的解決方式 still has a shot = 一個可行的體式格局？的確糊弄！ still has a shot 仍然會試圖一搏 應作：當問題很堅苦，又沒有訓練有素的解決方法時，直覺依然會試圖一搏 （所今後面再提到掉臂專業，胡亂選股 翻譯例子） -------------------------------- The spontaneous search for an intuitive solution sometimes fails—neither an expert solution nor a heuristic answer comes to mind. In such cases we often find ourselves switching to a slower, more deliberate and effortful form of thinking. This is the slow thinking of the title. Fast thinking includes both variants of intuitive thought—the expert and the heuristic—as well as the entirely automatic mental activities of perception and memory, the operations that enable you to know there is a lamp on your desk or retrieve the name of the capital of Russia. 主動搜索直覺的解決方式有時會失敗，非論是專家 翻譯解決體式格局或捷徑的回覆都想不起來， 在這類情況下，我們會轉換到一個比較慢，比力特意，要費力的思慮方式。這就是書名「 慢的思考」 （slow thinking）的意思 翻譯社「快的思慮」（fast thinking）包括各類直覺 的思慮──專家的和捷徑的──和全部自動化 翻譯知覺和記憶的心智活動，這類操作使你 知道桌上有一盞燈，或是回答出俄國 翻譯首都在莫斯科。 both variants of intuitive thought 直覺思考的兩種轉變形式；不是各種直覺的思慮 ------------------------------ The distinction between fast and slow thinking has been explored by many psychologists over the last twenty-five years. For reasons that I explain more fully in the next chapter 翻譯公司 I describe mental life by the metaphor of two agents, called System 1 and System 2, which respectively produce fast and slow thinking. I speak of the features of intuitive and deliberate thought as if they were traits and dispositions of two characters in your mind. In the picture that emerges from recent research, the intuitive System 1 is more influential than your experience tells you, and it is the secret author of many of the choices and judgments you make. Most of this book is about the workings of System 1 and the mutual influences between it and System 2. 在過去二十五年裡，許多科學家都曾切磋過快和慢兩種思考方式的區分 翻譯社我在下一章中會 講到，為什麼我用系統一和系統二的比方來描述心智生活，系同一代表著快 翻譯思考，系統 二是慢 翻譯思考。我漫談到直覺的和特意 翻譯思考特質，就如同是你心中有兩個人的人格特質 翻譯社從最近的研究中得知，直覺 翻譯系同一是比經驗告知你 翻譯還有影響力，它是你很多選擇和 判定背後的奧秘作者，這本書大部分是關於系同一的工作景遇，以及系同一和系統二之間 相互的影響。 -------------------- psychologists 翻為科學家？譯者是不是擔憂很多人把心理學看成亂說八道的騙術呢？ -- There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love. --- Chuck Palahniuk

本篇文章引用自此: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/book/M.1372765229.A.157.html有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢華頓翻譯社